It is very difficult to unravel the jungle of building bonuses.
Each benefit differs from the others in terms of the beneficiaries, the real estate subsidised, the interventions and the deductions allowed.
Despite the specificities of each benefit, we will try to sum up the main features of the major building bonuses, in their enhanced regime, to guide the taxpayer in choosing the most suitable bonus for his needs.
BENEFITS REGIME
1. Superbonus
• subjects: condominiums; individuals; non-profit organisations; ASDs; co-operatives of indivisible ownership; holders of business income and exercising arts and professions (only for expenses related to interventions on the common parts of the building, regardless of the instrumental nature of the building)
• buildings: multi-family and single-family buildings; individual units in condominiums; functionally independent building units; buildings falling into categories B/1, B/2 and D/4; buildings used as changing rooms. Buildings must be already existing (buildings under construction or to be constructed are excluded). Buildings cannot belong to categories A/1, A/8, A/9
. interventions: energy requalification and reduction of seismic risk
• amount of the deduction: 110% of expenses incurred until 31 December 2023. The rates drop to 70% (2024) and 65% (in 2025) depending on who benefits from the deduction
• duration of the deduction: 5 equal annual instalments for expenses incurred in 2021; in 4 equal annual instalments for expenses incurred from 2022
• maximum expenditure ceiling: € 50,000 (single-family or similar buildings); € 40,000 (multiplied by the number of building units for buildings with 2 to 8 units); € 30,000 (multiplied by the number of building units for buildings with more than 8 units)
• deadline: the deadlines differ depending on who is carrying out the work. The last deadline is 31 December 2025 (with the rate reduced to 65%)
• payment: bank transfer
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice and transfer of credit
• special conditions: connection between leading and trailing interventions; prevailing residential destination of the buildings; request for a certificate of congruity and compliance certificate even in case of use of the bonus in the income tax return
2. Ecobonus
• subjects: all those subject to the payment of IRPEF and IRES (individuals and legal entities) such as condominiums; individuals, including those exercising arts or professions; non-profit organisations; ASDs; indivisible housing cooperatives; public and private entities that do not carry out commercial activities; simple companies; associations between professionals; individuals who earn business income (partnerships and corporations)
• buildings: multi-family buildings (whether or not condominiums are established); single-family buildings; individual units; real estate used in the exercise of business, arts or professions (offices, hotels, shops, etc.) that are already existing (excluding real estate under construction or to be built)
• interventions: interventions that increase the energy efficiency of buildings; insulation; installation of solar panels; replacement of winter air conditioning systems with systems equipped with air or water condensing boilers, etc.
• amount of the deduction: 110% (Super Ecobonus); 80-85% (Eco-Sismabonus common parts); 70-75% (Ecobonus common parts); 50-65% of the expenses incurred (maximum € 100,000 deduction depending on the type of intervention)
• duration of the deduction: 10 years
• maximum expenditure ceiling: € 96,000 per unit of income
•deadline: 31 December 2024
• payment: bank transfer
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice and transfer of credit
• special conditions: improvement of at least two energy classes of the building is required; ENEA verification and control of the works carried out
3. Seismbonus
• subjects: all those subject to the payment of IRPEF and IRES (natural persons and legal entities)
• buildings: multi-family buildings (condominium established or not); single-family buildings; premises used for business, arts or professions (professional offices, hotels, shops, etc.); buildings used for production activities
• interventions: seismic improvement and adaptation on existing buildings
• amount of the deduction: 110%; 85-50% based on the reduction in seismic risk class
• duration of deduction: 10 years (110%); 5 years
• maximum expenditure ceiling: € 96,000/year
• deadline: 31 December 2024
• payment: bank transfer
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice and transfer of credit
4. Bonus for the removal of architectural barriers (trailing intervention)
• subjects: individuals (including those over 65 years of age); condominiums, IACP; co-operatives of indivisible ownership dwellings
• buildings: multi-family buildings (condominiums established or not); single-family or similar buildings; single units in condominiums; instrumental buildings (answer to question n. 444/2022 of Italian Revenue Agency)
• interventions: elimination of architectural barriers and interventions to automate the systems of buildings and individual building units for the removal of these obstacles
• amount of the deduction: 110% (when the conditions required by the Superbonus are met and the elimination is connected to a driving intervention); 75% of the expenses incurred
• duration of the deduction: 5 years
• maximum expenditure ceiling: € 50,000 (single-family or similar buildings); € 40,000 (multiplied by the number of building units for buildings with 2 to 8 units); € 30,000 (multiplied by the number of building units for buildings with more than 8 units)
• deadline: the deadlines differ depending on who is carrying out the work. The last deadline is 31 December 2025 (with a reduced rate of 65%)
• payment: bank transfer
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice and transfer of credit
5. Bonus Facades
• subjects: all subjects subject to the payment of IRPEF and IRES (individuals and legal entities) such as condominiums; individuals, including those exercising arts or professions; non-profit organisations; ASDs; indivisible housing cooperatives; public and private entities that do not carry out commercial activities; simple companies; associations between professionals; subjects that earn a business income (partnerships and corporations)
• buildings: all types of real estate as long as they are already existing (buildings under construction or to be built are excluded)
• interventions: renovation of the external façade of existing buildings located in zones A (historical centre) and B (completion zones) as per Decree of the Ministry of Public Works 1444/1968; the intervention must concern the visible external shell of the building
• amount of the deduction: 110% (only if the intervention is associated with the renovation of the thermal insulation); 90% (expenses incurred in 2020-2021); 60% (expenses incurred in 2022)
• duration of the deduction: 10 years
• maximum expenditure ceiling: none
• deadline: 31 December 2022
• payment: bank transfer
• alternatives to the deduction: discount on the invoice and transfer of the credit
6. Restructuring bonus
• subjects: individuals, condominium owners, members of cooperatives, members of simple companies, individual entrepreneurs. IRES taxpayers are excluded
• buildings: multi-family buildings, single-family buildings, single property units in condominiums (these must be existing buildings). Business premises are excluded
• interventions: ordinary maintenance (only common parts); extraordinary maintenance, restoration and conservative renovation, building renovation on common parts of residential buildings and on single residential building units of any cadastral category, including rural ones; elimination of architectural barriers; prevention of illegal acts; asbestos removal; cabling for noise reduction; replacement of emergency power generator
• amount of the deduction: 50%
• duration of the deduction: 10 years
• maximum expenditure ceiling: € 96,000/unit
• deadline: 31 December 2024
• payment: bank transfer
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice and transfer of credit
• subjects: natural persons
• buildings: residential building units (including A/1, A/8 and A/9)
• interventions: restoration, renovation or restructuring of the entire building carried out by a construction company or real estate restructuring or building cooperatives
• amount of the deduction: 50% to be calculated on a lump sum equal to 25% of the purchase/sale/assignment price
• duration of the deduction: 10 years
• maximum expenditure ceiling: € 96,000/unit
• deadline: 31 December 2024
• payment: there is no obligation to make a bank or postal transfer
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice, transfer of credit
• special conditions: the purchase or assignment of the housing unit must take place within and not later than 18 months from the date of completion of works
8. Bonus for the purchase or construction of parking spaces/boxes
• subjects: natural persons
• buildings: garages and parking spaces
• interventions: new construction; change of use is not allowed
• amount of deduction: 50% of construction costs
• duration of deduction: 10 years
• maximum expenditure ceiling: € 96,000 per unit of land
• eligible costs: documented expenses incurred only for construction (excluding ancillary costs)
• deadline: until 31 December 2024
• payment: bank transfer or declaration in lieu of affidavit certifying the inclusion of fees in the company accounts
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice, transfer of credit
• special conditions: the purchase must take place within and not later than 18 months from the date of completion of the works
9. Super Sismabonus purchases
• subjects: natural persons
• buildings: residential buildings not falling into categories A/1, A/8 and A/9.
• interventions: demolition and reconstruction of entire buildings in order to reduce the seismic risk, even with changes in plan and volume, provided that the increase is permitted by the urban planning rules; change of use is allowed
• amount of the deduction: 110% of the unit purchase price
• duration of deduction: 5 years
• maximum ceiling for expenditure: € 96,000 per unit of accommodation
• eligible costs: expenses incurred from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2022
• deadline: deed of sale concluded by 30 June 2022
• payment: no bank or postal transfer is required
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice and assignment of credit
• special conditions: the purchase must take place within and not later than 30 months from the date of completion of the works
10. Ordinary purchase seismbonus
• subjects: also subjects other than natural persons
• buildings: residential property, including those in categories A/1, A/8 and A/9, production units and offices
• interventions: demolition and reconstruction of entire buildings in order to reduce the risk of at least one or two classes of risk; change of use is allowed
• amount of the deduction: 85-75% of the unit purchase price
• duration of deduction: 5 years
• maximum expenditure ceiling: € 96,000 per unit
• deadline: deed of sale concluded by 31 December 2024
• payment: there is no obligation to make a bank or postal transfer
• alternatives to deduction: discount on invoice and transfer of credit
• special conditions: the purchase must take place within and not later than 30 months from the date of completion of the works
